化控番茄慎用助壮素

/ August 20, 2022

由于助壮素使用不当，常造成番茄果小、裂果、青顶等现象，建议番茄化控应以营养调控为主。

1  小果症

    农户在番茄苗期使用助壮素(或矮丰王)剂量大、时间晚(在高脚苗时)，虽然控制了株高，但也抑制了果穗发育。此阶段应采用生根壮苗法，具体方法是：选用500-800倍高美施有机腐殖酸活性液肥灌根，每株100-150g，另外喷施万春春植物助长剂加恶霉灵或绿享一号，使叶片制造的有机养分向根系传导，促进根系发育，并提高抗病能力。

2  裂果症

使用助壮素(或矮丰王)化控，会使番茄果皮加厚，使果肉迅速膨胀形成裂果症。此阶段应增硼补钙降温，具体方法是：在番茄花期喷施腐殖酸硼钙300-500倍液，或高美施300-500倍液，以小肥水冲施壮根钾宝，也可冲施高美施洋壮冲施膏。

3  青顶症

    有的农户加强了肥水和温度管理，果实发育过快，但激素喷洒不均匀，造成果实各部位发育不整齐，造成青顶症。此阶段应采取断根降温法，具体方法是：在番茄第2、3穗幼果时，开沟(或穴施)生物有机肥加硫酸钾复合肥，促进次生根生长，增强吸肥、吸水能力，为后期生长打下良好的基础。另外降温也是促进番茄提前上市的关键。

 

作者：孔凡红(山东省莘县菜篮子工程办公室252400)
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