With the improvement of people's living standards, people's jujube fruit quality has higher requirements, and the problem of pesticide residues has been paid more and more attention. Therefore, the implementation of comprehensive prevention and control, the promotion of pollution-free production technology, has become a major event to ensure the quality of fruit and benefit the health of the people. The technical measures for pollution prevention and control of jujube gardens are briefly described.
First, agricultural prevention. Strengthening management, enhancing tree potential, and improving pest and disease resistance are effective measures to prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases. According to the characteristics of the jujube tree, the jujube tree should be planted on the open sunny slope. In the principle of flatness, the plant spacing should be increased and trimmed into a tree with strong light transmission to ensure no weakness in the crown. Branches, dense branches, crowded branches and overlapping branches. Jujube gardens that are prone to water accumulation during the rainy season should promptly exclude stagnant water from the jujube to promote healthy growth of the root system. In order to ensure the healthy growth of the tree, it is required to produce 100 kg of fresh fruit, apply pure n0.7-1.0 kg, apply p2o50.5-0.6 kg, and apply 0.7 kg of potassium oxide.
Second, agricultural control 1, scraping rough skin. After the annual "shocking", there are jujube armyworms, jujube powder mites, spotted wax mites, jujube worms, and the stalks of the trunks and big branches are scraped off and burned intensively to eliminate jujube armyworms and jujubes. The overwintering cockroaches of the night moth and the nymphs of the jujube powder, the jujube spotted wax mites, and the eggs of the pastures. Scrape the skin to scrape the black skin, revealing the red skin, not to hurt the white skin.
2, the trunk wrapped around the plastic film, wrapped in straw rope. In the jujube garden with jujube and buds, and ash mites, every year after "stunning" to "clear", the trunk is 60 cm above the ground and 20 cm wide and 5 cm longer than the dry week. Plastic film, first tighten the upper side with a string, then fold the plastic film, make the upper side into the lower side, put the fine soil under the tree, make the film bulge, and finally tighten the upper side, which can effectively block the step Qufu moth and food bud weevil, big gray weevil on the tree. At the same time, at this 30 cm downward, a circle of straw rope is wrapped around the trunk to induce the female moth to lay eggs in the straw rope. Change the straw rope once every 10 days, and burn off the straw rope, which can effectively prevent the damage of the jujube.
3, cut insects, mites. Combined with winter pruning, the jujube mad branch, the turtle wax cockroach, the juvenile leopard scorpion moth, and the six-star black scorpion moth worm branch are cut off. If dry rot occurs in the jujube tree, the necrotic part can be sawed off and disinfected with 1% formaldehyde solution. Yellow thorn moth is also an important wintering insect source and should be smashed.
4, before and after the "Qingming" every year, there are factors of bud sprouting armor, big gray armor, jujube step damage, can apply 20 cm wide waste engine oil or sticky shellac on the trunk, which can prevent the tree damage.
5, the trunk of the straw rope. In the jujube garden with the harm of jujube. Before the first year of September, before the larvae of the larvae after scraping the rough skin, a rope rope is bundled on the trunk to trap the larvae of the armyworm into the grass, and the cockroaches are smashed. When it is frozen, it is burned off and the remaining dates are eliminated. Sticky insects.
6. Turn the tree tray before freezing. In the jujube garden where the peach is harmed, before the freezing, the topsoil with the trunk as the center and 15 cm in the radius of 1 m is shoveled and sprinkled in the field, and the wintering peaches, jujubes, and peach moths can be placed in the soil. The larvae of jujube, jujube, peach, and grasshoppers are frozen to death, so as to reduce the density of wintering insects. After thawing in the coming year, the soil is backfilled into the tree tray.
7. The ground covers the mulch. In the small insects, peach aphid, cotton bollworm, jujube mosquitoes and other winter insects, the ground cover the mulch every summer, to prevent the excavation and tree damage of these insects.
8, clean the countryside. After the winter, until the second year of March, the litter and the fruit of the pests in the orchard will be cleaned and burned with fire. It can effectively reduce the wintering base of the recent Japanese moth, jujube rust, jujube brown spot, jujube leaf spot, and black leaf spot of jujube.
Third, drug prevention and treatment. For jujube gardens where certain pests and diseases are particularly heavy, or jujube gardens that have not been controlled by agricultural measures, it is necessary to strengthen the forecasting and forecasting work for the pollution-free high-grade fruit, such as the prediction of the unearthing period of the peach heartworm and the jujube, jujube The occurrence of the forecast. It is necessary to rationally select pollution-free pesticides to prevent the use of toxic and long-lasting chemicals for jujube production, and to use biological pesticides, insect hormones, and specific pesticides as much as possible.
Abamectin is an antibiotic substance produced by fermentation and purification process. It has both insecticidal and acaricidal effects and has been widely used in fruit sparse production. The drug is safe for humans, animals, and natural enemies, does not pollute the environment, and is not susceptible to resistance, and insects that are resistant to other agents are still effective. Therefore, it can be applied to the prevention and control of jujubes, jujube armyworms, recent snail moths, grasshoppers, and yellow thorn moths. It can be used in preparations such as worm light, Qiqisu and Aweiduqing, such as 1.0% Avermaria emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times liquid. In addition, b, t, 500 times liquid of bacterial insecticides can also kill larvae of Lepidoptera.
For jujube rust and jujube brown spot, 4% fruit tree-specific agricultural anti-120,200-300 times liquid and 10% multi-antibiotic 1000 times liquid can be used. Jujube, can be streptomycin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline 140 units / ml. Jujube mad disease can be controlled by tetracycline and oxytetracycline. Peach small heartworm is also an important pest for jujube fruit. It can be used to control 25% of porpoise 3 suspension of 800 times or 5% of worms 1000-2000 times. .
It is worth noting that the drug control pests, the first to be timely, according to the insect situation forecast, in the early stage of the drug. The second is to concentrate time, group defense, that is, treatment on all occurrences of the plot. In order to receive better control, it can reduce the cost of controlling pests and diseases.
Integrated pest prevention and control technology for pollution-free ecological jujube
Pest control is an important part of jujube production. Chemical control has played an important role in the prevention and control of pests and diseases because of its high efficiency and timeliness. However, long-term excessive use of pesticides has also had some adverse effects. During the spraying process, about 20-30% of the air is scattered in the atmosphere, and the spray on the jujube trees is also caused by the sparse leaves of the jujube trees falling to the ground, which pollutes the environment. A large number of pesticides, especially highly toxic pesticides, kill a large number of natural enemies while killing pests, and also cause pests to develop resistance. Although the dose is multiplied, the lethality is greatly reduced, resulting in a larger dose of medication, resulting in a vicious circle.
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