Causes and prevention of malformed mushrooms in greenhouse
1. Hollow white mushroom The mushroom stem becomes loose and white, and when it is severe, it shrinks and forms hollow. Cause: During the growth phase of the fruiting body, it is caused by air drying and high temperature. When the relative humidity of the air is below 85%, the water content of the overburden layer is less. When the temperature in the mushroom house is above 18 °C, the mushroom grows fast and the water evaporates quickly, resulting in the absorption of water in the mushroom body less than the transpiration. Control method: Spray water in time during the day to keep the relative humidity of the air at 90%. In the morning and evening, spray the water in time to reduce the temperature of the mushroom shed and keep it at 14-18 °C. 2, hard open umbrella The curtain and the curtain handle are separated, and the opening of the umbrella is too early, resulting in poor commercial property. Cause: In the early stage of mushrooming, sudden low temperature, sudden drop in temperature, large temperature difference, and low humidity in the mushroom house. Control methods: Strengthen the insulation measures of mushroom sheds, pay attention to weather changes, reduce the temperature difference, and keep the relative humidity of the air in the mushroom house within a suitable range. 3, dead mushrooms, mushrooms, mushrooms, wilting and yellowing, stop growing and finally die, but die into pieces, and then die. Cause: 1 The temperature is too high. At the end of autumn and early spring, the temperature is high, causing the mushroom body to reflux and lack of nutrition and death. 2 After the soil is covered, the mycelium grows too fast, the mushroom is dense, the nutrient supply is not enough, and the mushroom is malnourished and died. Timely, insufficient oxygen, high concentration of carbon dioxide; 4 mushroom shed temperature is higher (more than 20 ° C), humidity is too large (more than 95%), ventilation is not timely after spraying, mushroom surface water, causing the lack of oxygen and suffocation of mushrooms. Control method: master the sowing time, prevent the mushroom from growing in the high temperature season; do not oversize the seedling, prevent the mycelium from growing too much, and the mushroom is too dense, resulting in lack of nutrients; the moisture content of the soil layer should not be too high, lower the part of the mushroom and avoid the The mushroom is too dense, and the water spray should be cooled in time to prevent the surface water of the mushroom. 4, thin skin open umbrella mushroom The mushroom handle is slender, the mushroom cover is thin, open the umbrella early. The reason for the occurrence: the peak season of the mushroom, the temperature inside the mushroom house is above 20 °C, the relative humidity of the air is too large, the ventilation is bad, and the bed mushroom is densely popped out, and it competes with oxygen and nutrients. Control method: The cultivation material should be thoroughly fermented, and the water should be ventilated in time to prevent the surface water of the mushroom and keep the temperature of the mushroom shed suitable. 5, scale mushrooms, caps cracked and produced scales, forming scales mushrooms. Cause: The temperature inside the mushroom house is below 14 °C, the humidity is too small, the temperature difference and the difference between dry and wet are too large. Control method: Maintain proper air relative humidity in the shed during the mushrooming period, strengthen the insulation measures, avoid excessive temperature difference and prevent sudden attacks by strong winds. 6. Undifferentiated fruiting bodies There are mushroom buds and the fruiting bodies are not differentiated. There are no caps and mycorrhiza, and only one mycelium group is formed. Causes: 1 Mycelium grows to a certain extent, the environmental conditions are suitable for the formation of mushroom buds, and then it is not suitable for the differentiation of fruiting bodies. 2 improper use of pesticides, excessive use of pesticides will form undifferentiated fruiting bodies. Control method: clean all around the mushroom house before planting, thoroughly disinfect the mushroom house, prevent the occurrence of pests and diseases, and use pesticides reasonably and safely to prevent excessive.
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