According to the latest issue of Nature Communications, American engineers produced the first light-controlled microelectronic device that does not require semiconductors. The micro device uses a new superconducting material that increases the conductivity by a factor of 10 when low-voltage and low-power laser activation is applied. This discovery paves the way for faster, more powerful, non-semiconductor microelectronic devices and more efficient solar panels. The performance of existing microelectronic devices such as transistors may be limited by the material composition. Semiconductors have a band gap, which means that they need external energy to make electrons flow. The speed of electrons is limited, because the electrons will continuously collide with atoms when they flow through the semiconductor, so the semiconductor will limit the conductivity or current of the device. The release of electrons from materials is a challenging task, requiring the application of high-voltage, high-energy lasers above 100 volts, or ultra-high temperatures above 540°C, which cannot be applied to micro- and nano-scale electronic devices. The research team led by Professor Dan Sven Pippen of the Department of Electronic Engineering at the University of California, San Diego, found a new method to break the conductance barrier and verified it at the microscopic scale. The microdevices they make can release electrons from materials without the above extreme conditions. The device contains an engineered "super surface" consisting of mushroom-shaped gold nanostructures on top of a parallel array of gold strips. This design allows the supersurface to generate “hot spots†with high-intensity electric fields when low voltage and low-energy infrared light below 10 V is applied, thereby providing sufficient energy to pull electrons out of the metal and release it. Experiments have shown that the conductivity of the device has increased more than 10 times. The researchers said that although this can not completely replace all semiconductor devices, it is not the best way for some very high frequency or power devices. At present, the research team is exploring other applications of the technology other than electronics, thus making it possible to create new types of photovoltaic devices. (Reporter Feng Weidong)
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