What is the difference between the “blow molding method” and the “casting method” process?

In the field of film production, "blow molding" and "casting" are two commonly used processes. The following is a brief introduction and comparison of the most common production processes in the production of these two films.
Multi-layer coextrusion blow molding
This production process is mainly divided into two types: upper air blowing and lower blowing water cooling.
Cold on the air
Mainly composed of several extruders, multi-layer stacking die, multi-window wind ring, IBC internal cooling system, herringbone splint, rotating traction system, lower traction system and winding system. At present, the imported units are mainly from Badenfeld, Germany, W&H, Germany, and Brampton, Canada. The domestic units are represented by Guangdong Jinming. In general, the current core mechanical capabilities are still controlled by foreign companies. For example, most of the core components of Guangdong Jinming's units still need to be supplied by foreign manufacturers.
Blowing water
The basic components are the same as the upper blowing type, except that in the cooling mode, the lower blowing is made of circulating water but the main form of cooling. The design position of each component is different from that of the upper blowing. This production process is in China's PE and PP film production is more common. In the production of multi-layer co-extruded high-barrier films, the above-mentioned blow-cooled units are still the mainstay. Regardless of which two types of units are used, the appearance of the tubular film is the main performance feature. In the vacuum bag making, the protection of the contents of the package is reduced by the reduction of two heat seals. Cast film has a great advantage. It is better in tensile strength than cast film.
Multi-layer coextrusion casting method
This production process is mainly composed of multiple extruders, multi-channel distributor (commonly known as "aggregator"), T-die, casting system, horizontal traction system, oscillator, and winding system.
The main feature of this production process is that the produced film products have good surface gloss, high flatness, small thickness tolerance, good mechanical elongation, good flexibility and high transparency compared to blow molding.
Comparison of blow molding and casting
Blow molding and casting are two main production processes for polyolefin film production and processing. The blow molding method was applied to the production and processing of the film earlier. Due to the limitations of its production process and the defects that the product could not overcome, in the 1980s, a more advanced film production and processing worker-casting method was gradually developed. In particular, the use of multi-layer coextrusion technology enables the film production and processing of the casting method to be widely promoted and applied, and is gradually applied to high-grade packaging of various articles with its high-quality product features. Due to its inherent defects, the blow molding method can only satisfy the packaging of ordinary medium and low grade products.
First, the production process comparison
1. The casting method is more suitable for the production of multi-layer co-extruded film than the blow molding method. Especially when co-extrusion is carried out using materials of different materials, the production process parameters of the casting method are easier to control, and the processing equipment is more suitable. The key part - the design of the die is more effective in ensuring the uniformity of the distribution of various materials in the product. The multi-layer co-extrusion die of the blow molding method is more difficult, the structure is more complicated and the technology is not mature enough.
2. In the processing equipment of the casting method, the distance from the die to the cold roll (forming to shaping) is generally 10-20 mm, the film curtain is short and with the help of the vacuum suction hood, air knife and edge fixing device. Quick setting, product quality is good and stable. The blow molding method has an inflation process due to the melt film and relies on air or water to cool the shape. The setting time of the product is too long and the change before setting is very large (generally 4 to 7 times inflated). It is easy to be affected by the outside world and its own factors in the melt film stage, and the quality control of the product is very difficult and the stability is poor.
3. There is also a big difference between the blow molding method and the casting method in the selection of raw materials. When multi-layer co-extrusion, the blow molding method requires the use of materials with similar fluidity to match each other. When the fluidity of the materials differs greatly, there is a lack of corresponding The measures are adjusted, so when one of the materials is selected, there is not much room for selection of other materials co-extruded, which limits the extent of the multi-layer coextrusion process advantages in product quality. The processing equipment of the casting method can easily solve the problem that can hardly be solved in the blow molding method by adjusting the branch passage.
Second, product characteristics comparison
1. The blow molding method causes the longitudinal and transverse molecules of the product to be stretched to varying degrees due to an inflation process. The temperature resistance and heat sealing performance of the product will be greatly affected. When the product needs to be retort sterilized (such as steam at 121 ° C), the molecular chain being stretched during molding will have obvious retraction after being heated, resulting in severe deformation of the product. And will greatly reduce the strength of the heat seal joint and lead to bag leakage.
2, casting film (also known as unstretched film), the molecular arrangement is orderly, the product cooling speed is fast, which is beneficial to improve the transparency, gloss and thickness uniformity of the product, and the product texture is soft and tough; Impact resistance, heat resistance and low temperature adaptability are better than blow molding.
3. The production efficiency of the casting method is extremely high, and the product quality is stable. There is less waste in the production process, and it is easier to achieve online recycling, waste, and high utilization of materials.
4. The casting method adopts a flat die head, and a special retaining groove is arranged in the die head to ensure uniformity of material flow, and the uniformity of the lip gap can be automatically controlled by the automatic adjusting device of the die, and the control precision is very high. Thicker films can be controlled to less than ±3%. The annular die and the multi-layer superimposed core used in the blow molding method have very high requirements on machining accuracy and assembly precision, and are particularly difficult to control. If the machining and the fitting precision have slight errors, they cannot be compensated by adjustment, so the product is The thickness tolerance is about ±10%. For a 200μm thick film, it means that the thinnest part is 180μm and the thickest part is 220μm. In the case of solder sealing, the gap between the mold and the heat sealing temperature are adjusted anyway. It is difficult to ensure that the thickest and thinnest parts can achieve the necessary sealing strength. The phenomenon of leaking bags is inevitable, and the yield is naturally low.
5. For materials with low melt strength, down-blowing and water-cooling are required. Incomplete water drying or improper selection of the corona layer may result in poor corona treatment or severe corona attenuation. Affects the bonding fastness of the printed ink and causes discoloration. The casting method uses a steel slab roll (internal cooling water) to cool the film, and the moisture does not directly contact the film.
6. For the film to be cooked (121 ° C steam sterilization), no matter the casting method or the blow molding method, it is necessary to use the raw materials resistant to cooking. Non-cooked grade materials can cause hard, brittle, and whitening of the film after cooking. It not only affects the appearance of the film, but also causes the impact resistance and pressure resistance of the bag to be seriously degraded, failing to meet the testing standards and usage requirements.
7. During the plastic molding process, the accumulation of residues is easily generated at the die due to thermal decomposition or low molecular weight. The casting method can be easily removed and the residue in the blown film bubble can only be removed by shutdown. If it is not removed in time, it is easily entrained in the film, causing the content of impurities in the content to exceed the standard or causing obvious scratches on the surface of the film. Due to the low production volume of the blow molding method and the waste of driving, such as frequent opening and parking units, the production cost has increased significantly.
Third, the investment cost comparison
1. Due to the low investment of blow molding method, the plant covers a small area, the equipment is cheap, and the investment is quick and effective (the equipment processing cycle is short, the installation and commissioning period is short, the auxiliary equipment and facilities are few, and the requirements are low). The one-time investment in the equipment, plant and facilities of the casting method is very large, 5 to 10 times that of the blow molding method. Therefore, the current application of blow molding is more than the casting method.
2. Because the blow molding method is limited by the process conditions, the product quality is poor, the output is small, and the unit production cost is high. Although it is continuously improved and perfected, it is still difficult to replace the casting method. This is the most fundamental reason why the production of cast film in food packaging substrate film is much higher than that of blown film.

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