Japan will test new technologies to clear space junk

As human space activities become more frequent, more and more space junk remains in Earth's orbit. These space junks are extremely fast around the earth. Colliding with them will seriously damage the spacecraft that are still in operation and even threaten the safety of astronauts. Recently, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) plans to use a 700-meter-long tether to capture large space debris in space and send it to the atmosphere for burning.

The technology was proposed in 2014. A spacecraft will carry a 700-meter-long electric tether (EDT) into space. After the rope is released in space, it can lock and grab space debris, and then the spacecraft will drag the space garbage into the space. The earth's atmosphere is burned.

Many cargo ships will be burned into the atmosphere after they have finished transporting their materials. Therefore, using space-like “flying kites” to capture space junk and cargo spacecraft “same to the end” can save costs and be technically easy to implement.

At present, a prototype of the electric tether has arrived at the International Space Station on the 13th of this month with the HTV cargo spacecraft (also known as the nickname cargo spacecraft). The prototype is called the “nickname integrated tether experiment” ( KITE), the engineer will release the tether in space to test the device.

According to NASA's 2013 data, more than 500,000 space junks have been tracked by national space agencies for a long time, of which more than 210,000 are larger than 10 cm. The estimated amount of space debris in the size of 1 to 10 cm is more than 500,000. These small space garbage is difficult to be tracked by the ground, and large space debris collisions will generate more space debris.

Large-scale space junk is the target of electric tether (EDT), which is between hundreds of kilograms and several tons.

But how to find it in space and let the tether grab these uncontrolled space junk is a problem that the device has to work hard to solve.

According to the JAXA representative, the various systems installed on the cargo spacecraft allow the operator to control the position of the tether relative to the space debris. Once the tether finds the target, it will rely on GPS to gradually approach the space junk, when the distance is close enough. Operators will use optical cameras to capture space debris, and the technology is expected to be used in official missions in the mid-2020s.

In addition to the use of tethers, NASA also considers the use of rope nets to remove space debris. Other methods include laser, electric or momentum exchange tethers, space tugs, resistance enhancement equipment, and even more exotic methods.

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