1. Leaf blight Symptoms: Mainly harmful to leaves and pedicels. Leaf infection usually begins at the tip of the leaf or other parts of the leaf. The lesion begins with a white round spot. When enlarged, it is irregular or elliptical grayish white or grayish brown lesion, which produces black mildew. The leaves are dead. The peduncle is easily broken from the diseased part, and finally many small black spots are scattered in the diseased part. When the hazard is serious, the garlic does not suck the moss. Control methods: strengthen field management, increase fertilizer application, rational close planting, remove stagnant water, and enhance plant disease resistance. After harvesting, the diseased plants are burned and the damaged leaves and pedicels are removed in time. In the early stage of the disease, spray 75% bactericidal wet powder 600 times solution, or 50% chlorhexidine WP 1500 times solution, 64% antivirus WP WP solution 500 times, 60% succinate, ethoxylated aluminum WP 500 times Liquid, 50% succinic acid copper WP WP 500 times, once every 7 to 10 days, continuous control 3 to 4 times. 2, rust Symptoms: Mainly infesting leaves and pseudo stems. The diseased part is a fusiform chlorotic plaque. After the epidermis, a round or elliptical spleen heap is formed. After the rupture, the epidermis oozes an orange-yellow powder, that is, summer spores. The lesion is surrounded by yellow. Halo, in severe cases, the lesions are contiguous and the whole leaves are yellow and the plants die in advance. At the later stage of growth, a black porch spore heap with no rupture of the epidermis was produced on the unbroken urediospores. Control method: rational rotation, avoid mixing of onion and garlic, clean the garden in time, and reduce the source of initial infection. Timely broadcast in time, rational fertilization, reduce the number of irrigation, and prevent flooding. In the year when there is a lot of rainfall, it is necessary to check in time in early spring to find the center of the disease and prevent the spraying. At the beginning of the disease, 15% triazolone wettable powder 1500 times solution or 20% triazolone EC 2000 times solution, 15% powder rust WP300 ~ 500 times solution, 25% enemy de-emulsion 3000 times solution, or 25% enemy force De-emulsion 4000 times liquid plus 15% triazolone wettable powder 2000 times liquid, 70% mancozeb wettable powder 1000 times liquid plus 15% triazolone wettable powder 2000 times liquid, every 10 to 15 days 1 time , continuous prevention and treatment 1 or 2 times. 3, gray leaf spot Symptoms: The main damage to the leaves , the lesions are long and elliptical, initially pale brown, and then grayish white, the diseased spots on both sides of the leaves are slightly gray-black moldy, that is, the pathogens, when the lesions meet, the leaves partially die. Control method: remove the sick body in time after harvest, and burn it intensively or deeply. Strengthen management, formula fertilization, enhance plant disease resistance, and timely drainage after rain. In the early stage of the disease, spray 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, or 50% succinic acid copper WP 1500 times solution, 50% chlorhexidine WP 1000 to 1500 times solution, 77% can kill Wet microparticle powder 500 times solution, 50% more sulfur suspension agent 500 times solution, once every 10 days, prevention and treatment 1 or 2 times. 4, coal spot disease Symptoms: Mainly harmful to the leaves. The lesion is initially a pale white spot, which gradually enlarges to form an elliptical or fusiform lesion with a long axis parallel to the vein. The center is yellowish, the edge is reddish brown, the periphery is yellow, and it rapidly spreads to both ends of the blade, especially to the leaf. The sharpest direction of expansion is the fastest, causing the tip of the blade to distort and die. The center of the lesion is dark olive-colored, fluffy when the temperature is high, and powdery when dry. When a disease is prevalent, a leaf often has several lesions, causing the whole plant to die. It has thicker dark olive fluff on it, which is different from the spore-forming bacteria of the leaf blight that causes the leaf blight of garlic. Control methods: timely sowing, reasonable close planting, applying sufficient base fertilizer, timely topdressing, increasing application of potassium fertilizer and humus fertilizer, promoting plant robust growth and enhancing disease resistance. Strengthen field management, clean the garden in time, burn or deeply bury the sick body, apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and avoid the fertilizer. Chemical control, spraying 75% chlorothalonil WP 600 times solution, or 65% Dyson zinc WP 400-600 times at the beginning of the disease, once every 7 to 10 days, continuous prevention 2 to 3 times. 5, mosaic disease Symptoms: At the beginning of the disease, there are intermittent yellow spots along the veins, which are connected to yellow and green long strips, and the plants are dwarfed, and the individual plant leaves are wrapped by adjacent leaves, which are curled and deformed, and can not be fully extended for a long time. distortion. The bulbs of the diseased plants become smaller, or the garlic cloves and fibrous roots are reduced, the severe garlic cloves are stiff, the storage period is particularly obvious, and the garlic yield and quality are significantly reduced, resulting in species degradation. Control methods: Strictly select the species, establish the original seed base as much as possible, and use the bulbs of the garlic in the light ward area to reduce the bulb poisoning rate. The in vitro culture of the shoot tip meristem of garlic can be used to remove the virus from the garlic bulb to form a detoxified garlic. Avoid contact with green onions, leeks and other things, or reduce the natural transmission of drugs in the field. Spray insecticides on garlic fields and surrounding crops to control aphids and prevent repeated infection of the virus. Strengthen the management of fertilizer and water, avoid premature aging, and improve the disease resistance of plants. At the beginning of the disease, spray 1.5% phytoleptic emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times solution or 20% virus A wettable powder 500 times solution, anti-toxic agent No. 1 water agent 250-300 times solution, once every 10 days, continuous prevention and control 2 to 3 times. 6, bacterial soft rot Symptoms: Garlic disease occurs from the leaf margin or midrib, and forms yellow-white streaks along the leaf margin or midrib. It can penetrate the whole leaf. When the humidity is high, the diseased part is yellowish brown and soft. Generally, the lower leaves first develop, and gradually expand to the upper leaves, causing the whole plant to be yellow or dead. Control method: in the early stage of the disease, spray 77% of the wettable micron powder 500 times liquid, or 50% succinic acid copper WP 500 times, 12% green milk copper oil 500 times or 14% copper ammonia Water agent 300 times solution, 72% agricultural streptomycin sulfate soluble powder 4000 times solution, once every 7 to 10 days, depending on the condition, continuous prevention and treatment 2 to 3 times. 7, yellow leaves and dry tips Symptoms: yellow leaves and yellow leaves in the seedling stage of garlic; dry tips occur in adult plants. Control method: Apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer. The land where the garlic is grown must be rotated. Pay attention to timely prevention of mantle hazards. In order to prevent the rotten mother's yellow tip, the topdressing and watering should be started before the rotten mother to reduce the occurrence of yellow leaves and dry tips, and promote the differentiation of flower moss and garlic. 8, garlic clams Apply organic fertilizer to be fully decomposed; in the hazard period of garlic (early April), use 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times or 80% trichlorfon crystal 500 times solution to fill the root; or spray dichlorvos 1000 times liquid to kill insects Eggs, 48% chlorpyrifos 300-500 times the surface of the emulsion sprayed. 9, green onion horse After the spring, spray with 20% imidacloprid EC 5000-7000 times or 50% dichlorvos 800 times to reduce the density of the insect population. The above is the introduction of common pest and disease control techniques for garlic. Friends who grow garlic can refer to the above methods and combine the actual planting conditions to prevent and control them reasonably. 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