Advanced tool technology and future tool development trends

The goal pursued by cutting is high precision, high efficiency, low cost and environmental protection. In recent years, cutting technology has been rapidly developed in the fields of high-speed cutting, hard cutting, micro-mist lubrication cutting, dry cutting, and composite cutting. These cutting technologies are used to produce parts with high efficiency and low cost in minimizing production equipment. At the heart of the way, the biggest mark of cutting technology development so far is the development of High Speed ​​Cutting (HSC).
Advanced tool technology is the basis and guarantee for the development of cutting technology. The development of tool technology involves the development of tool materials and tool structures. Tool materials are the basis for improving tool performance. Tool structure is the key to improve workpiece machining accuracy.
With the advancement of high-speed machining, high-precision machining technology and the increase in the number of difficult-to-machine materials, the progress of tool materials is also remarkable. New ceramics, fine-grained hard alloys, ultra-fine grained carbides, TiC/TiN The base metal ceramsite, coated cemented carbide and other materials greatly improve the performance of the tool, and the wear resistance, heat resistance, toughness and bending strength of the tool base are significantly improved. The composite coating technology further enhances the performance of the tool. In addition to TiC, TiN, and TiAlN suitable for high-speed cutting, the coating material now uses diamond, cubic boron nitride, and silicon-based nano-coating.
In recent years, a lot of research and application work has been carried out in the application of new tool materials, tool coating technology and cutting performance of new tools. The tools used in the production field have entered the hard alloy material as the main body and various coatings. In the state of mature application, the main development trend of tool materials in the future is “fine-grained base material + composite coating” to meet the basic needs of high-speed cutting, dry cutting and high-precision machining.
Machining accuracy and surface quality are key factors in the machining process. Machining accuracy and surface quality depend on the blade shape, chip breaking performance and stability of the mounting structure. Future tool designs must focus on blade design, chip breaker design, blade positioning or tool holder clamping design, as well as surface coating and edge reinforcement.
In order to reduce the application cost of the tool, the insert structure, the mosaic structure and the coating structure should be the main structure of the tool, and the overall structure is used in small size and micro specifications. The future tool should be a dual-performance structure, namely “high toughness and high strength matrix + high hardness and high wear resistance blade”.
The development of tool materials and coating technology has promoted the continuous improvement of cutting speed, which has brought about a change in processing efficiency and further expanded the processing range.
The design and use of the tool should take into account the performance matching of the tool material and the workpiece material, and determine the reasonable tool material and structural form for different workpiece materials and processing conditions. High-speed, high-efficiency, high-precision cutting requires tools with a variety of excellent performance. "High toughness and high strength matrix + high hardness and high wear resistance blade" is the main development direction of future tools.
 

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