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Bearing steel requirements and fundamental functions
Source: China Bearing Network Time: 2018-07-29
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Rolling bearing materials include rolled bearing parts and cages, rivets and other ancillary materials. In addition, bearing data also includes alloy data, non-ferrous metals and non-metal materials, etc. Bearings made of ceramic materials are now available. In the locomotive, automobile, subway, aviation, aerospace, chemical and other fields. Rolling bearings and their parts are mostly made of steel; rolling bearing steel is usually high carbon chromium steel and carburized steel. About some special bearing; The demand bearing data has the functions of high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, ultra-low temperature and radiation resistance. With the development of modern science and technology and the increasing use of rolling bearings, the demand for bearings is increasing; such as high precision, longevity and High reliability, etc.
Hardness is one of the important goals of rolling bearings. It is well known that the primary failure method of rolling bearings is the fatigue of touch; and the loss of bearing precision due to poor wear resistance or dimensional instability, bearing parts lacking certain tolerance; When the impact load is broken, the bearing will be damaged due to the brittle fracture. The hardness of the steel for the rolling bearing should be suitable; if it is too large or too small, it will affect the service life of the bearing. About the loss of bearing precision due to fatigue loss or poor wear resistance. Condition; bearing parts should use higher hardness, for bearings that accept large impact loads (such as rolling mills: bearings, railway bearings and some automotive bearings, etc.); it is necessary to properly reduce the hardness to improve bearing tolerance. It is The data touch fatigue strength, wear resistance, and elastic limit have close contact; directly affect the life of the rolling bearing; the hardness of the bearing is usually determined according to the bearing receiving method and the overall condition of the size, bearing scale and wall thickness. Therefore, the hardness of the bearing must be determined according to the specific conditions of the bearing and the method of damage.
The rolling bearing is in the production process; its parts have to pass through multiple cold and hot processing steps. This requires that the bearing steel should have outstanding technological functions; such as cold and hot forming functions; cutting, grinding processing functions and heat treatment functions; In order to meet the needs of high-volume, high-efficiency, low-cost and high-quality production of rolling bearings.
The production process of the rolling bearing is complicated; the production cycle is long; some semi-products or product parts need to be registered for a long time before installation; therefore, the bearing parts are easy to attack in the production process or in the storage of the product. Especially in humid air. Therefore; demand bearing steel should have outstanding rust prevention.
Rolling bearings are fine mechanical parts; their precision is calculated in micrometers. During long-term storage and operation; changes in bearing content or stress changes will lead to changes in bearing scale; incurs bearing loss accuracy. Ensure the dimensional accuracy of the bearing; bearing steel should have excellent dimensional stability.
Rolling bearings in normal operation; in addition to the occurrence of rollover conflicts; also accompanied by sliding conflicts. The primary part of the sliding conflict is: the touch surface between the roll and the raceway, the touch surface between the roll and the cage pocket, Between the retainer and the ferrule guide rib and between the roller end face and the ferrule guide rib, etc. The existence of the sliding conflict in the rolling bearing inevitably causes the bearing parts to wear out. If the bearing steel has poor wear resistance; the rolling bearing Premature loss of precision due to wear or loss of rotation due to the decrease in rotation accuracy, and the number of life drops. Therefore, the required bearing steel should have high wear resistance.
1. Inherent impact resistance In addition to the bearing used under special working conditions; in addition to the above basic requirements; the steel must also have corresponding special functional requirements; such as high temperature resistance, high speed function, corrosion resistance and antimagnetic Features, etc.
Rolling bearing operation; because the touch area between the rolling body and the ferrule raceway is very 岢 诔惺 诔惺 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 墒 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤 笤沽艽. In order to avoid excessive plastic deformation under high touch stress; loss of bearing accuracy or attack of external appearance; therefore; demand bearing steel should have high elastic limit.
2, outstanding process function touch fatigue damage is the primary method of normal bearing damage. Rolling bearing open end will cause bearing oscillation, noise increase operating temperature rises sharply; resulting in bearing end damage; this damage method is called touch fatigue Damage. When the rolling bearing is in operation; the rolling body rolls between the raceways of the inner and outer rings of the bearing; some of the touches receive periodic alternating loads; many can reach hundreds of thousands of times per minute; under the repeated effect of periodic alternating stress Touching the appearance of fatigue and falling off. Therefore, steel for demand rolling bearings should have high touch fatigue strength.
3, high touch fatigue strength 4, high elastic limit 5, outstanding dimensional stability 6, outstanding anti-rust function Many rolling bearings will be subjected to the impact load during the application process; therefore, the bearing steel has a certain tolerance; In order to ensure that the bearing is not damaged by impact. The bearing materials for receiving large impact loads such as rolling mill bearings, railway bearings, etc. have relatively high impact resistance and fracture resistance; some of these bearings are treated with bainite quenching heat treatment; The use of carburized steel data; is to ensure that these bearings have good resistance to impact.
7, the high wear resistance of the rolling bearing on the fundamental needs of the data depends to a large extent on the bearing's operating function. Under normal conditions; the primary damage method of the rolling bearing is the exhaustion under the effect of alternating stress; and because of the conflict Wear and loss of bearing accuracy. In addition; cracks, indentations, rust, etc. cause abnormal damage to the bearing. The choice of materials for making rolling bearings is suitable; it will have a great impact on its function and life. Rolling bearings should have high resistance to plastic deformation; less conflicting wear; outstanding rotational accuracy, outstanding dimensional accuracy and stability; and long touch fatigue life. Many of the functions are determined by data and heat treatment processes. Because the fundamental requirement of the rolling bearing for the data is determined by the damage method of the bearing; therefore, the data required to make the rolling bearing must have the following functions after the necessary heat treatment to the post-process:
8, suitable hardness
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