This unique metal crystal is known as "martensite," and it features two distinct atomic structures that can switch seamlessly. It can change shape thousands of times when heated or cooled without losing its properties. As a member of the Smart Materials family, it has a wide range of applications—from space vehicles and electronics to jet engines. Currently, this material is typically an alloy of nickel and titanium. These materials have a fascinating property called "shape memory." Even when bent or deformed, they can return to their original form. That's why they are referred to as "shape memory" metals. They are already used in eyeglass frames, undergarment wires, and as support structures in orthopedic surgery. Additionally, they serve as stents to keep heart arteries smooth and functional. When exposed to specific temperature changes, the atoms within the material rearrange themselves, causing it to change shape. This transformation is sometimes called a "martensitic transformation," as the atomic structure reorganizes into new configurations. The ability to respond to temperature changes makes this material ideal for use in intelligent mechanical systems. However, traditional martensites often suffer from internal stress buildup after repeated deformations, leading to eventual failure. This new material, on the other hand, can undergo near-infinite shape changes with minimal internal damage, opening up exciting new possibilities for its use. As the material cycles between different atomic arrangements, you can observe a flowing, river-like pattern on its surface. According to Professor Richard James, one of the researchers involved in the study, "The real advantage of this material is its ability to reverse the transformation. This means we can create devices that directly convert waste heat into electricity. Such technology could be used in computers and mobile phones to improve energy efficiency by charging batteries using heat that would otherwise be lost." Belleville Washer NFE 25-511 S Narrow Belleville Washers,Belleville Disc Spring Washers,Stainless steel Beleville Washers Ningbo Yinzhou Zhenhua Stamping Co., Ltd. , https://www.fastenersstamping.com
When the material undergoes a phase transition, it develops a fine, river-like pattern on its surface at the microscopic level.