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First, the implementation of formula fertilization
According to the fertilizer characteristics of different vegetables and soil fertility status, the appropriate amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements and the corresponding fertilization techniques were determined. The maximum demand periods for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in greenhouse vegetables are: 75 to 140 days after planting, 30 to 52 days for tomatoes, and 30 to 60 days for sweet peppers. The optimum fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application rates were 1:0.67:1.83 for cucumber, 1:0.38:1.75 for tomato, and 1:0.38:1 for sweet pepper. Although the amount of trace elements required by vegetables is extremely small, it is indispensable. When using micro-fertilizer leaf spray, the dosage should be set. For example, ferrous sulfate is 0.1% to 0.3%, zinc is 0.05% to 0.2%, borax is 0.3% to 0.5%, ammonium molybdate is 0.02% to 0.05%, and copper sulfate is 0.02% to 0.04%. Spraying Bordeaux mixture, not only cures disease but also increases fertility. It can also add 0.1% to 0.4% urea or 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate when spraying. Note that leafy vegetables should not be foliar sprayed to avoid increasing nitrate content.
Second, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application
Nitrogen fertilizer is an indispensable fertilizer in vegetable production, but it cannot be applied in excess. In order for vegetables to meet national and international standards for pollution, the nitrate content of vegetables must be reduced. To reduce the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, it should be determined according to the amount of fertilizer required by different vegetables. Generally, 10 to 12 kilograms of pure nitrogen per mu is suitable. The nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in depth, and it should be applied with phosphorus or potassium fertilizer or ternary compound fertilizer. After application, it is necessary to cover the soil in time. It is best to use the fertilizer intubation or combined with the drip irrigation under the membrane to reduce the loss, improve the utilization rate, and stop the application 20 days before harvest.
3. It is forbidden to apply nitrate nitrogen fertilizer
Ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, nitrophosphate, potassium nitrate and nitrate-containing compound fertilizers tend to cause nitrate accumulation in vegetables after application. In addition, it is not suitable to apply chlorinated fertilizers such as potassium chloride, ammonium chloride, etc. Chloride ions can reduce the starch and sugar content in vegetables, so that the quality is deteriorated, the yield is reduced, and the residual soil in the soil easily causes decalcification of the soil, causing the knot . Fertilizers such as magnesium sulfate and ammonium sulfate are applied to the soil, and the sulfate ions which are decomposed are not easily absorbed by the vegetables and remain in the soil, which is harmful to the growth of vegetables. It is forbidden to apply ammonium bicarbonate, which is easy to cause ammonia damage due to the volatile large amount of ammonia gas.
Fourth, the application of ecological organic fertilizer
The ecological organic fertilizer produced by fermenting livestock manure will be formed into a series of special fertilizers if targeted with different elements. The organic matter content of ecological organic fertilizer can reach 45%, which can play the role of nitrogen fixation, phosphorus dissolving and potassium dissolving, and can also decompose residual substances of pesticides and fertilizers. Production of one ton of ecological organic fertilizer, using fresh chicken manure 2 ~ 2.5 cubic meters, straw powder 0.2 ~ 0.3 tons, corn noodles 5 kg, multi-dimensional compound enzyme bacteria 8 kg as raw materials. First mix chicken manure and dry stalk powder with water, knead it into a ball by hand, and sew water with fingers, but do not drip water, loose hands and disperse, water content is 45%, then add cornmeal and multi-dimensional compound enzyme bacteria, then Mix and mix well without leaving blocks. They are piled up in piles and covered with a film of insulation. It can be fermented and matured in 5 to 6 days in spring, summer and autumn, and mature in 7 to 10 days in winter. Generally, the heap is 1-3 days old, and the temperature in the reactor rises to 80 °C, which can kill E. coli and eggs, eliminate the smell of chicken manure, and then the compost becomes loose and dry, and it is covered with white hyphae. It can be issued after two days. A variety of koji scent. After the compost is mature, it can be applied by drying it a little.
Fifth, limit the use of hormones
Some vegetable farmers do not talk about the quality of vegetables. In order to pursue high yield, early maturity and morning market, gibberellin, ethephon, paclobutrazol and other hormones are used to promote and ripen, which greatly reduces the quality of vegetables. People's long-term consumption is extremely detrimental to health.
Author: and Tao Source: Hebei Science and Technology News
How to scientifically fertilize shed production
Due to the large amount of fertilizer applied in the greenhouse, the winter and spring seasons are tightly closed, and the temperature is low and the light is weak. The activity of nitrate reductase in vegetables is low, and it is easy to accumulate nitrate. How to reduce the accumulation of nitrate in vegetables by fertilization is a problem that should be paid attention to when fertilizing vegetables without pollution:
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