Wheat total erosion control measures

Wheat total etch is a devastating disease in wheat growth, mainly affecting the roots and stem base of wheat. It has become the enemy of wheat production, up to 30 % to 70 % or even in production. The earlier the wheat is susceptible, the greater the yield loss.

First, the onset of special symptoms : It is a typical root disease, the pathogen only infested the roots and stem base 15 cm 1 to 2 knots. After the onset of seedlings, the plants are dwarfed, the lower yellow leaves are more, the tiller is reduced, similar to drought and lack of fertilizer, the primary roots (seed roots) and rhizomes become grayish black, the secondary roots of the severely diseased plants are also partially blackened, causing the whole plant in severe cases. The contiguous die. During the jointing stage, the winter wheat disease seedlings were slow to return to green, and there were few tillers, and most of the roots of the diseased plants turned black. In the heading and filling stage, the diseased plant appeared "white spike", the root of the disease turned black, and it was "black foot". The color was deepened into a "black plaster" shape, which was easy to pull up, but it was not easy to fall, the rate of ear formation was low, and the weight of 1000 grains decreased. Symptoms specific to adulthood.

Wheat total eclipse can also spread with water flow, rainy, high temperature, low terrain, heavy wheat field. Early sowing, low temperature in winter and spring, dry and hot wind in maturity and soil looseness, thinness, alkalinity, less organic matter, and the incidence of phosphorus deficiency and nitrogen deficiency in wheat fields

All disease of wheat obvious natural phenomenon recession, particularly wheat, corn area two crops a year, showing a disease on the rise, peak, decline significantly different stages of the control period and so on, as long as the disease reaches the peak, continue implementation of wheat, corn cropping system, the disease will decline phenomenon, general and then by 1--2 years after the disease naturally under control, as the reasons for natural phenomena may counteract the recession and soil microbial population year after year to develop relevant.

Second, the transmission route and disease conditions: wheat total pathogen is a soil-borne bacteria. The bacterium is mainly used for overwintering and over-summering of the diseased remains left in the soil by the mycelium or the manure mixed with the diseased body and the seeds mixed with the diseased body. It is the main source of infection for the later wheat. The introduction of mixed diseased seeds is the main cause of disease-free disease. The dormant mycelium on the diseased roots of the harvested wheat harvest area becomes the initial source of infection. Soon after the seed germination in the winter wheat area, the mycelium of the summer pathogen can invade the roots and overwinter in the blackened roots. Spring next turn green mycelium also accelerate the growth temperature increases, up to the extended sections and the stem base portion tillering, jointing to heading, can infect to 1 - Section 2, since the stalk decomposing victims, one after another strain death. In the spring wheat area, after the seeds germinated, the overwintering hyphae infested the young roots on the diseased body, and gradually spread the infestation tiller and stem base, and finally caused the plant to die. Diseased plants appear more white spike in grain filling stage, the case of dry hot wind, disease strains hasten death. Soil traits and management conditions of farming have a greater impact on total eclipses. Generally, soil soil is loose and fertility is low, and alkaline soil is seriously affected. Soil moisture is conducive to the occurrence and expansion of diseases, and irrigated land is heavier than dry land . With non-host crop rotation or water and drought rotation, the incidence is lighter. Root-developed varieties are more resistant to disease, and the application of decomposed organic fertilizer can reduce the incidence. Winter wheat is planted too early to cause serious disease.

Third, prevention measures

(1) Agricultural control measures

　　 1. Deep ploughing and deep turning. The colonizing bacteria of wheat total eclipse are left in the surface layer of the soil with hyphae, and the soil layer is deeply immersed, and the bacteria are buried deep underground, which will effectively kill the bacteria.

　　 2. Reduce the source of bacteria. For sporadic areas, adhere to the local blockade and eliminate it on the spot. The diseased field should be single-receipt, and the harvested wheat is strictly prohibited from planting, and the wheat straw and wheat bran cannot be directly returned to the field. It is best to harvest the sorghum, and then the diseased stalk is pulled out and burned, and the fertilizer cannot be used to minimize the bacterial source.

　　 3. Reasonable rotation. For plots with serious wheat all-environment disease, rotation can be carried out to promote the rotation of wheat, wheat and cotton to cut off the accumulation of total pathogens and control the development of the disease.

　　 4. Rational fertilization. The base fertilizer is added with organic fertilizer and biological fertilizer to increase the content of soil organic matter. Fertilizer application should pay attention to the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

(2) Chemical control measures

　　 1. Soil treatment. Before sowing, use 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 2-3 total quality management kilograms of fine soil 20 to 30 kg, evenly spread when cultivating land, such as prevention and control of underground pests, can be mixed with pesticides, requiring sag With the tillage.

　　 2 , soaked with seeds. It can be used as a total of 12.5 % of eclipse (manufactured by Monsanto, USA), 20 grams per mu , mixed with 8 to 10 kilograms of seeds, and suffocated for 6 to 12 hours, dried and then sown.

　　 3, during the jointing of wheat per acre with 15% triadimefon WP 150--200 grams, or 20% triadimefon EC 100--150 ml watered 50--60 kilogram pouring spout wheat field, control efficiency up to 60% around added 600--800 times dedicated-type food "days of 2116" can significantly improve the control effect.

　　 4 , the drug is rooted. During the greening period of wheat, apply 100 to 150 ml per acre of erosion or eclipse and 150 kg of water .

Continuous use of the above prevention methods for 2 to 3 years can fundamentally eliminate the total elimination of wheat.