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Guarding City Conscience "Underground Workers"
In the early 20th century, French writer Victor Hugo once wrote in his novel *The Tragic World* that sewers are "the conscience of the city." This metaphor still holds true today, as urban underground infrastructure becomes more complex and critical to daily life. In Xuchang, a group of dedicated workers—often overlooked—ensure that the city’s hidden network remains functional and clean.
These “underground workers†wear gas masks and spend their days dealing with sewage, working year-round to keep the city’s drainage system flowing. Liu Lin is one such worker. His day starts at the Usui area, where he begins cleaning the sewers. For Liu, who is 52 years old, this job has become a routine part of life.
“I used to feel awkward when I first started,†he recalls. “I wasn’t afraid, but I didn’t know what to do.†On May 5th, after eating a bowl of porridge and some steamed buns, Liu arrived at Xu Youlu. He put on his rain pants, hard hat, and mask, then descended into the well through dozens of metal steps. With a sludge shovel, he carefully removed waste and filled a bucket, which was then pulled up by another worker. After 15 minutes, he climbed out, wiped the sweat from his face, and took a deep breath of fresh air.
Liu, originally from Yanzhou, has a son and a daughter, both of whom are married. Four years ago, due to his wife’s family illness, she came to Xuchang to take care of her aunt, and Liu followed soon after, finding work in the city. He never expected to stay for four years. “Summer wells are hot and smelly,†he says. At first, the smell made it hard for him to eat, but he eventually adapted.
Sewage wells in the city can be over 3 meters deep, with some reaching more than 5 meters. These underground channels function like the body's blood vessels—if they get blocked, serious problems arise. Some tasks can be done from outside the well, but when the blockage is severe or the well is too deep, workers must go down manually.
Working underground is dangerous. The lack of oxygen and the buildup of toxic gases like biogas make safety procedures essential. Before entering, workers set up warning signs, ventilate the well for over an hour, and use a blower to clear the air. They wear protective gear, including a safety helmet and gas mask, and are secured with life ropes. To ensure safety, they usually work in 15-minute shifts, with an oxygen bag kept nearby.
To support Liu and other migrant workers, his company provides housing and free meals. He earns about 2,000 yuan per month, which allows him to save money. He smokes, but only buys cheap “Lion†brand cigarettes, costing 3 yuan per pack. His glasses, which cost just 5 yuan, have a broken leg that he ties with a rope. In his spare time, he watches a small TV he bought for 150 yuan a few years ago.
Despite the dirty, tiring, and challenging nature of the job, Liu values its stability and takes pride in his work. “It’s not easy, but it’s necessary,†he says.
To avoid disrupting traffic, many operations are done at night, especially near busy roads and bridges. Yao Junmin, director of the Maintenance Division II at Xuchang City Municipal Industrial Co., Ltd., emphasizes the importance of this work. “A lot of people don’t see us, but without us, life would be difficult.†There have been incidents of people falling into sewers, so the company recently installed safety nets in 903 wells across the city.
According to company data, the firm is responsible for maintaining 242.67 kilometers of pipelines west of the downtown area and along the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway. More than 100 workers manage 5,308 rainwater wells and 4,100 sewage wells in the central city, including over 2,700 sewage wells. To improve efficiency, the city also uses sewer cleaning trucks alongside manual labor.
As the “conscience of the city,†sewers reflect the responsibility of its citizens. Workers often find that hotel staff and others use sewers as trash cans, pouring food scraps and oil directly into them, causing frequent blockages. During heavy rains, these clogged drains can lead to flooding, disrupting daily life.
Maintaining the city’s drainage system is not just the duty of workers—it’s the responsibility of every citizen. By being mindful of what we dispose of, we can help keep the city running smoothly.