Vacuum electronic devices are precision devices that often require a variety of parts to be assembled, assembled, and welded together. There are certain requirements for part dimensional tolerances, often with accuracy in the "micron range." The shell of the vacuum device is mostly welded by ceramic and metal parts into a whole, and the flatness of the ceramic itself directly affects the quality of welding and hermeticity. Due to the high requirements for air tightness, the processing process has very strict requirements on the flatness of the porcelain parts. The factors affecting the flatness of the ceramics mainly include the shrinkage rate matching of the green ceramic tapes, the control of the precision welding tube sintering system, and the distribution of large-area metallization patterns. The designed ceramic ring product is a combination of five layers of ceramic tapes laminated together and bound to each other in the sintering process. When the shrinkage of ceramic tapes varies greatly, it will produce more serious warping deformation; when the tape shrinkage of porcelain tapes is within a certain range, the warping degree will be improved obviously. For a freely shrinking ceramic layer, there is no internal stress, and only densification shrinks. In a two-layer co-fired composite, the deformation of any layer is a constrained deformation due to the dynamic contraction of the two layers. Incoordination will lead to internal stress. Under the effect of internal stress, the laminated composite can relieve internal stress only by bending or cracking. Monel is a solid-solution binary alloy. As nickel and copper are mutually soluble in all proportions, it is a single-phase alloy. Compared to steel, Monel is very difficult to machine as it work-hardens very quickly. It needs to be turned and worked at slow speeds and low feed rates. It is resistant to corrosion and acids, and some alloys can withstand a fire in pure oxygen. It is commonly used in applications with highly corrosive conditions. Small additions of aluminium and titanium form an alloy (K-500) with the same corrosion resistance but with much greater strength due to gamma prime formation on aging. Monel is typically much more expensive than stainless steel. Monel Tube,Monel Pipe,Monel Pipe Tube,Monel Seamless Tube Zhejiang Max Stainless Steel Co.,Ltd , https://www.cnstainlesstube.com