Soybean high-yield plant protection technology (from seed to harvest)

Soybean is a thermophilic crop that grows well in a warm environment. It is most suitable for 15-25 °C during the growth period. At the same time, soybean is a hi-light crop, which is sensitive to the light conditions. Since the soybean flower pods are distributed in the upper and lower parts of the plant, the leaves in the upper and lower parts are required to obtain sufficient sunlight to facilitate the photosynthesis of the leaves, so as to transport the organic nutrients to the flower pods of various parts. Therefore, in the cultivation process, it is necessary to ensure that the growth of the soybean population is good, and that each leaf can obtain better light conditions and photosynthesis can effectively increase the yield.

First, the selection of high quality and high quality products

According to the local natural conditions (including climate, soil fertility, etc.), production level and variety of ecological types, select high-quality soybean varieties with suitable growth period, strong resistance and high yield. The soybean varieties in our county are mainly Shaanxi variety, Shaanxi Bean No. 6 and Baodou No. 6 .

Second, deep fertilization

Under normal circumstances, the fertilizer is separated and applied to the side of the seed 4 to 5 cm, and the amount of fertilizer can be adjusted. For every 667 square meters of diammonium phosphate 20 kg or more, it can be applied in layers: the depth of the upper layer of fertilizer is 5 to 7 cm, the amount of fertilizer is 1/3; the depth of the base fertilizer is 10-16 cm, and the amount of fertilizer is 2/3.

Or after the crops are harvested, the fermented organic fertilizer is evenly spread on the surface, and then the fertilizer is poured into the soil. The manure and the soil are thoroughly mixed and then deep-turned. Can be planted in soybeans.

Third, the implementation of fine seeding

(1) Reasonable rotation: It is best to choose correct, not heavy, and planting.

(2) Detailed land preparation: according to the former crops, Fuqiu turn, the depth is 22 to 25 cm, and the large clods can not be used during the operation, and there are no clear bars and blocks, which should be buckled, not heavy, or leaked.

(3) Appropriate soil moisture: The soil moisture content after soil preparation (% dry soil) should be about 22% when planting, to ensure that the seeds are normally absorbing water and sprouting.

(4) Planting in a timely manner: After the wheat is harvested in summer, the soybeans can be planted as long as the moisture is appropriate. The best sowing date is from June 10th to 25th, and no later than July.

Fourth, field management

(1) Checking seedlings and replanting seedlings. Immediately after the emergence of soybeans, the seedlings should be replanted. If the ridges are more than 20 cm, they should be replanted. If they are less than 20 cm, they can be kept at both ends of the ridge. When the seedling height is 10~20 cm, the artificial seedlings and seedlings should be timely.

(2) cultivating soil. In the early stage of growth, 2 to 3 times of cultivating, weeding the weeds in time, and cultivating the soil before ridges to prevent lodging and convenient watering and drainage.

(3) chasing flower pod fertilizer. From flowering to granules, it is necessary to have a high bee period. Generally, 15 to 20 kg of diammonium is applied before the flowering, and the yield is obviously increased. Spraying 0.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 1 kg of urea per acre, spraying 30 kg of water on the mixed leaf surface can reduce the loss of flower pods.

(4) Chemical control. If there is a trend of prosperous, the initial flowering period is 15g with 15% paclobutrazol and 30kg of water is sprayed on the leaves. If the flowering period is still prosperous, the dosage can be increased by 20% for the second time.

(5) Drought and flood prevention. In the flower pod period, it is necessary to water the soil in time for drought, and pay attention to drainage when encountering it. After the top dressing with water pouring conditions, water is poured once in the branching and drumming stages.

(6) Drum maturity. When the grain bulging obviously exceeds 50%, that is, entering the blast stage, the management must meet the nutrients and moisture required for later growth, and timely control pests and diseases.

(7) Go to the miscellaneous purity. Combine the seedlings, the cultivating and weeding to remove the field miscellaneous, use the acetochlor EC, etc. according to the instructions to cover the soil with water or use the quizalofol emulsifiable concentrate (ridge and stalk) after the emergence of soybean, and harvest Remove the hybrids before.

5. Pest control

1, the heartworm, soybean, heartworm, larvae into the pods, eat beans, in severe cases, generally eat more than half of the beans, reduce the yield and quality of soybeans. The key to the prevention and control of soybean heartworm is to grasp the appropriate period, which is not only in the period of adult moths, but also in the field when there is a phenomenon of flying in the field.

2, soybean aphids control soybean aphids, the key is early detection of early prevention. Generally 40% of Lego emulsifiable concentrate 800 times solution, 20% chlorpyrifos EC 2000 times solution, or 2.5% enemy killing emulsifiable concentrate, 5% of rifampicin emulsifiable concentrate, Fuer 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate, per 667 square Use 15 to 20 ml of rice and spray 40 to 50 kg of water.

Six, harvest threshing

The beans are ripe, the leaves turn yellow, the seeds are rounded and hardened, and they are harvested in the morning or evening to prevent the pods from being fried. After harvesting, it will be threshed in clean and non-polluting sites and in the sun to prevent rain or soaking.