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[Technology] α+β Titanium Alloy
Titanium alloys of the (α+β) type typically contain both α and β stabilizing elements, which contribute to their excellent formability. These alloys are easy to forge, roll, and stamp, and can be strengthened through quenching and aging treatments. As a result, their strength can increase by 50% to 100% after heat treatment. TC4, also known as Ti-6Al-4V, is a classic example of an (α+β) titanium alloy. After quenching and aging, its microstructure consists of blocky α phases, β phases, and acicular α phases. The acicular α forms during the aging process from the β phase. Due to its high strength, good ductility, and stable structure up to 400°C, TC4 exhibits excellent creep resistance, toughness at low temperatures, and strong resistance to stress corrosion in seawater. It also performs well under thermal and salt stress, making it ideal for long-term use in high-temperature environments, such as in engine components, rocket parts, and liquid nitrogen fuel tanks for missiles.
Cast titanium alloys offer good tensile strength and fracture toughness, with long-term and creep strength comparable to that of deformed alloys. However, their plasticity and fatigue resistance are generally lower. Table 15-2 provides an overview of the grades and applications of cast titanium alloys across major countries.
In China, titanium casting began in 1964, with the Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials leading early research on titanium smelting and casting techniques. Later, the Northwest Non-Ferrous Metals Processing Plant introduced 150kg titanium melting equipment. Today, there are approximately 10 research and production units in China focused on developing and manufacturing titanium and its alloy castings.
Currently, the primary molding technique used in domestic titanium casting is based on machined and tamped graphite molds. However, the adoption of precision casting technology remains limited, and there is still a noticeable gap between China’s casting capabilities and those of foreign countries. Continued investment in advanced casting methods will be essential to improve quality and competitiveness in the global market.