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Historical origin of glass
In the ancient world, the discovery of glass is often credited to the Phoenicians, a seafaring people from what is now Lebanon. More than 3,000 years ago, along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea, near the mouth of the Bayrus River, there was a sandy shoreline. One day, a Phoenician merchant ship carrying large chunks of natural soda—mainly sodium carbonate—found itself stuck on the beach due to the tide.
With no immediate way to move the ship, the crew decided to take a break and walk along the shore. At midday, one of them suggested having a picnic. They brought the food from the ship, set up a cooking area, and used pieces of soda as heat-resistant pads to support their cooking pots over the fire. After the meal, as they were preparing to return, one of the workers noticed something unusual: a clear, shiny object glowing in the embers. It was transparent like water, and as clear as ice. It looked like a magical treasure that had never been seen before.
This accidental discovery led the Phoenicians to experiment further. They soon began producing glass by melting quartz sand with soda in special furnaces. They crafted beads, small and large, and started exporting them across the known world. These glass items were unlike anything people had ever seen—smooth, bright, and beautiful. As a result, the Phoenicians became very wealthy, trading their glass for gold and other valuable goods.
However, knowledge has a way of spreading. Soon, the Egyptians learned the same technique and began making glass themselves. This marked the beginning of a new era in craftsmanship and trade, with glass becoming a highly sought-after material across civilizations.