Historical origin of glass

According to ancient legends, the Phoenicians, who were from what is now Lebanon, are credited with the invention of glass. More than 3,000 years ago, a beautiful sandy shore lay near the mouth of the Bayrus on the Mediterranean coast. One day, a Phoenician merchant ship carrying large chunks of natural soda—mainly sodium carbonate—sailed through this area. Due to the strong tide, the ship ran aground on the beach, and the crew had nothing to do but walk ashore to pass the time.

At noon, one of the sailors suggested having a picnic on the beach. They moved from the boat to the shore, set up a cooking fire, and brought along some pieces of soda. Using the soda as a base to lift their cooking pot, they built a small fire and cooked their meal. After finishing their dinner, while preparing to return to the ship, one of the crew members suddenly shouted, “Look at this! What is this? It’s glittering and so beautiful!”

The piece he pulled from the embers was clear like water under the sun, as transparent as ice. It was a magical discovery that no one had ever seen before. This accidental creation led the Phoenicians to realize the secret of glassmaking. Soon after, they began producing glass by using a special furnace to melt quartz sand and soda together. They refined the mixture into molten glass, shaping it into beads and various sizes of glass objects.

These glass items were then shipped all over the world. People in distant lands had never seen such shiny, round, and beautiful beads, and they eagerly paid high prices for them. As a result, the Phoenicians became very wealthy. However, knowledge is hard to keep hidden. Eventually, the Egyptians learned the same technique and started making glass themselves too.

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