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Vegetable potatoes pay attention to fertilization types
Potatoes are primarily cultivated as a vegetable crop, with the tuber being the main edible part. This organ is rich in starch, making it a staple food in many regions. Proper fertilization plays a crucial role in maximizing yield and improving quality. Organic fertilizers are typically the foundation of potato cultivation, supplemented with appropriate amounts of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). In addition to these macronutrients, the application of micronutrients such as boron and magnesium can significantly enhance both yield and quality.
Potato is considered a potassium-demanding crop, and the use of potassium fertilizer has been shown to greatly increase yields. Among the options, potassium sulfate is particularly effective. Research indicates that nitrogen and potassium interact significantly in influencing potato yield. Furthermore, boron and magnesium have proven to be beneficial in boosting productivity. The critical level of available boron in the soil for potatoes is generally between 0.6 and 0.66 mg/kg, indicating potential deficiency when levels fall below this range. Applying 3 kg of magnesium sulfate per mu can help alleviate stem and fruit browning issues.
For optimal fertilization, the recommended amounts are: 300–500 kg of organic fertilizer, 6–7 kg of pure nitrogen, 4.5–5.5 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, and 8–9 kg of potassium oxide per acre. Nitrogen should be applied in stages, using a combination of base fertilizer, seed fertilizer, and topdressing to meet the plant's needs at different growth stages. Phosphorus is best applied as a base or seed fertilizer, while topdressing should be done deep in the soil for better efficiency. Potassium can be used as a base fertilizer or applied later in southern regions.
The base fertilizer application involves mixing 300–500 kg of organic fertilizer with 15–20 kg of compound fertilizer. This can be done in three ways: autumn application, where fertilizers are spread on the field before tilling; spring application, where they are applied before plowing in the spring; and direct application into the seed furrow during sowing.
Topdressing should be timed according to the growth stages of the potato. It is most effective during the seedling stage, bud stage, and early flowering stage. At the seedling and bud stages, apply 25 kg of ammonium sulfate, 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, and 20 kg of potassium sulfate per acre. During the bud and early flowering stages, apply 10 kg of diammonium phosphate and 15 kg of potassium sulfate. Avoid applying nitrogen after the initial flowering stage, as it may promote excessive foliage growth, which can interfere with nutrient transport to the tubers.
Micronutrient fertilizers like borax and magnesium should be sprayed during the early flowering stage, once every seven days for three consecutive times. The recommended concentrations are 0.05% borax and 0.5% magnesium sulfate.
Farmers Daily
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