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Expert Weapons: Why Did You See Eye Pain at Night in Electric Welding?
In many industrial settings, welders are commonly seen wearing protective goggles. However, those who assist them in the process often neglect to wear eye protection, thinking: "I'm just holding the welding equipment; it won't hurt me." Unfortunately, this mindset can lead to serious consequences. One night, these workers suddenly experienced severe eye pain, as if sand had gotten into their eyes. Their eyes were red, swollen, and they couldn’t stop crying. They were forced to rush to the emergency room, where they were diagnosed with photokeratitis—also known as electro-ophthalmia.
Photokeratitis is caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Any work involving UV light, such as electric welding, gas welding, or even laboratory UV lamps, should be handled with caution. UV light is an invisible form of radiation with a shorter wavelength than visible light. Specifically, UV light with wavelengths between 3200 and 2500 angstroms is most harmful to the cornea and conjunctiva, causing damage and cell death.
The symptoms of photokeratitis typically appear 6 to 8 hours after exposure, which is known as the incubation period. During this time, the UV rays cause the epithelial cells on the surface of the eye to die and shed. The affected person may experience swelling of the eyelids, redness, and inflammation of the conjunctiva. The corneal epithelium might show spots or begin peeling off. The longer the exposure, the more severe the damage becomes. As the epithelial layer breaks down, nerve endings become exposed, leading to intense eye pain.
Treatment for photokeratitis is relatively straightforward. Once the source of UV exposure is removed, the eye's epithelial cells usually regenerate within 24 hours. To manage the pain, doctors often recommend using 0.5% tetracaine eye drops, one drop at a time when needed. Cold compresses and anti-inflammatory eye drops can also help reduce discomfort and prevent infection. Some alternative treatments, like fresh human milk or acupuncture, have been used in certain cases. Most patients feel much better the next day.
However, it’s important not to overuse tetracaine eye drops, as they can be irritating and may delay the healing process. If there is no pain, it’s best to avoid using them. Once symptoms subside, the drops should be discontinued. The most effective approach, though, is prevention. Always follow safety protocols, wear proper eye protection, and avoid unnecessary exposure to UV radiation to prevent photokeratitis from occurring in the first place.
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