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Expert Weapons: Why Did You See Eye Pain at Night in Electric Welding?
Welding workers typically wear protective goggles, but those assisting them might not always do so. They often think, "I'm just helping with the welding, it probably won't matter." However, what they didn't expect was that, in the middle of the night, their eyes started to burn as if sand had gotten inside, causing constant tearing and severe pain that made it impossible to sleep. They ended up rushing to the emergency room, where they were diagnosed with photokeratitis — also known as electro-optic ophthalmia.
Photokeratitis is caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Any work involving UV light should be approached with caution. Common sources include electric welding, gas welding, and even laboratory UV lamps. UV rays are invisible, with wavelengths shorter than visible light. Specifically, UV light with a wavelength between 3200 and 2500 angstroms is most harmful to the cornea and conjunctiva, leading to damage and cell death.
The symptoms of photokeratitis usually appear 6 to 8 hours after exposure, which is known as the incubation period. During this time, the UV light causes the epithelial cells on the cornea and conjunctiva to die and shed. This results in swelling of the eyelids, redness, and severe eye pain. The longer the exposure, the more extensive the damage. As the epithelium peels away, nerve endings become exposed, leading to intense discomfort.
Treatment for photokeratitis is straightforward. Experts advise that once exposure stops, the conjunctival epithelium can regenerate within 24 hours. To ease the pain, doctors may prescribe 0.5% tetracaine eye drops, one drop at a time. Cold compresses and anti-inflammatory eye drops can also help reduce inflammation and prevent infection. Some traditional remedies, such as fresh human milk or acupuncture, may also be used. Most patients feel much better the next day.
However, it's important not to overuse tetracaine drops, as they can irritate the eye and slow down healing. If there's no pain, it's best to avoid using them. Once the symptoms subside, the drops should be discontinued. Prevention is key — always wear proper eye protection, follow safety protocols, and avoid unnecessary exposure to UV radiation to prevent photokeratitis.
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