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You must know the knowledge of fire safety
**Fire Safety Tips and Emergency Procedures**
**First, How to Alarm After a Fire**
1. Call the emergency number "119" to notify the fire department.
2. If possible, go directly to the nearest fire station to report the fire.
3. Shout loudly to alert others or nearby police officers.
4. Use public announcement systems or alarms if available.
**Second, What to Pay Attention to When a Fire Occurs**
1. Stay calm, identify the source of the fire, and escape in the opposite direction from where the fire is coming.
2. Never use elevators during a fire; always take the stairs.
3. Do not return to your home to retrieve valuables.
4. If a fire breaks out at night, wake up anyone who is sleeping first. Don’t just focus on your own escape—shout to warn others to evacuate as well.
**Third, Using a Fire Hydrant**
1. Open the fire hydrant box.
2. Extend the water hose.
3. Turn off the valve to release the water flow.
**Fourth, Using a Dry Powder Fire Extinguisher**
1. Pull the safety pin.
2. Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire.
3. Press down the handle while standing upwind, and spray the dry powder directly at the fire’s base.
4. After extinguishing the fire, use water to cool the area and prevent re-ignition.
**Fifth, How to Avoid Smoke Harm During Escape**
1. Cover your mouth and nose with a wet towel to filter smoke and breathe more safely. Crouch low to avoid inhaling smoke.
2. If there is no smoke, cover your head with a transparent plastic bag to protect against toxic fumes.
3. If you must pass through a flame area, wet your clothes or cover yourself with a wet blanket and move quickly to avoid catching fire.
4. In smoky conditions, there is still breathable air within 30 cm of the ground. Crawl along the floor, keeping your hands, elbows, and knees close to the ground. Follow walls to avoid getting lost.
5. Close all doors behind you during your escape to slow the spread of fire and smoke.
**Sixth, Smoking Safety Precautions**
Cigarettes can reach temperatures between 600°C to 800°C, which is far above the ignition point of common flammable materials like paper, fabric, and furniture. To prevent fires caused by smoking:
1. Never smoke while lying in bed or on a sofa.
2. Do not discard cigarette butts or matches carelessly.
3. Avoid smoking while working on car parts or appliances.
4. Prevent ashes from falling onto flammable objects.
5. Avoid smoking in areas where it is prohibited.
6. Never leave burning cigarettes in your pocket when in a hurry.
7. Do not throw lit cigarettes onto flammable surfaces.
8. Never smoke in restricted fire zones.
**Seventh, Electrical Safety Measures**
1. Avoid overloading electrical circuits and install automatic circuit breakers.
2. Use separate circuits for high-power devices like air conditioners and install fire-resistant sockets.
3. Regularly inspect wiring for signs of aging, short circuits, or leaks.
4. Never replace fuses with other wires.
5. Do not randomly add electrical devices or pull wires without proper installation.
6. Never steal electricity or tamper with meters.
**Special Fire Scenarios**
**Furniture, Bedding, etc., Catch Fire:**
Use water to extinguish the fire. You can spray water using containers like basins or connect a hose to a tap. Wet nearby combustibles to cool them, but do not use water on oil or electrical fires.
**Electrical Fire:**
Turn off the power supply first, then use a dry powder or gas fire extinguisher. Never pour water directly on electrical equipment to avoid electric shock or explosion.
**TV Fire:**
Do not pour water on a burning TV. Once the power is off, cover the TV with a thick blanket. Approach only from the side to avoid the risk of the picture tube exploding. Avoid spraying fire extinguishers directly on the screen.
**Pan Fire (Oil):**
Close the gas valve immediately and cover the pan with a lid or a wet cloth. You can also add cut vegetables to the pan to cool it down. Only open the pan after it has cooled completely. Never pour water into an oil fire.
**Gas Tank Fire:**
Cover the fire with a wet blanket or clothing and quickly turn off the gas valve.
**Using Towels for Fire Safety:**
Towels are essential in daily life and can be used for more than just washing. In a fire, they can serve as tools for self-rescue. Here are some tips:
1. In case of a gas leak, use a wet towel to cover the leak and shut off the valve quickly.
2. If trapped in a smoky room, fold the towel multiple times to act as a makeshift mask. A 8-layer towel can remove up to 60% of smoke.
3. Wet towels are more effective at filtering harmful substances than dry ones, though they may be harder to breathe through.
4. Use thicker and denser towels for better protection, and ensure they cover your mouth and nose completely.
5. Even a small amount of smoke inhaled can cause breathing difficulties, so never remove the towel from your face.
6. Note that towels cannot remove carbon monoxide, so they are not a complete solution.
7. In high-rise buildings, where many materials are flammable, using a towel can help you survive longer in heavy smoke.
8. As a last resort, hang towels out of the window to signal for help from firefighters.
By understanding these fire safety measures and practicing them regularly, you can significantly improve your chances of surviving a fire and protecting others around you. Stay alert, stay informed, and stay safe.