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Solve the intractable diseases in the use of the torch
The torch plays a crucial role in gas cutting by mixing oxygen and acetylene in the correct proportions to produce a preheating flame. This flame heats the metal to its kindling temperature, while a high-pressure jet of pure oxygen is directed onto the workpiece to ignite and burn the heated metal. The resulting molten slag is then blown away by the oxygen jet, creating a clean cut. As the primary tool for gas cutting, the torch must be used correctly to ensure safety and efficiency.
So, how should you properly use a torch, and what are some common issues that may arise during operation? Let’s go through some key points:
1. **Selecting the Right Cutting Tip**
Choose a cutting tip based on the thickness of the material being cut. When assembling the tip, make sure the inner and outer nozzles are perfectly aligned to keep the oxygen jet centered within the preheating flame. Tighten the cutting nut securely during installation.
2. **Dealing with Air Leaks from the Cutting Tip**
If the preheating flame makes a rhythmic "pit-pit" sound but doesn't extinguish, it could indicate an air leak. However, if the flame goes out immediately when cutting oxygen is opened, this is likely due to a leak in the cutting core. Remove the nozzle jacket and gently tighten the core. If this doesn’t help, try using asbestos rope to seal the gap.
3. **Checking the Injection Process**
After inspecting an injection-type torch, connect the acetylene hose and ensure it's airtight and easy to attach or remove. For an equal-pressure torch, maintain a steady working pressure for the acetylene.
4. **Handling Backfire (Tempering)**
If backfire occurs, close the cutting oxygen valve first, followed by the acetylene and preheating oxygen valves. When stopping the torch, always close the oxygen regulator first, then the acetylene and preheating oxygen regulators.
5. **Fixing Flame Extinction**
If the flame goes out right after ignition, it may be due to dirt in the gas passages or poor contact between the suction tube and nozzle. Tighten the suction pipe nut first. If that doesn’t work, remove the suction tube, clean all gas channels, and adjust the fit between the cutting nozzle and inner sleeve.
6. **Addressing Poor Fit Between Cutting Head and Torch**
Even if the flame looks normal, it might go out when opening the cutting oxygen valve due to a loose connection. Tighten the cutting nozzle. If this doesn’t resolve the issue, remove the nozzle and lightly sand the cutting head to improve the fit.
7. **Maintaining a Clean Cutting Nozzle**
Keep the cutting nozzle channel free of debris at all times. Use a thin needle to clear any blockages in the passage as needed.
8. **Cleaning the Workpiece Surface**
Ensure the surface of the workpiece is free of rust, oil, and moisture before cutting. When cutting on concrete, raise the workpiece to prevent slag and scale from splashing onto the floor.
Torch types vary based on how oxygen and acetylene are mixed. There are two main types: injection-type and equal-pressure. Injection-type torches are the most commonly used. Depending on their application, torches can also be classified into standard cutting torches, heavy-duty cutting torches, and welding-cutting combination torches. Proper maintenance and usage are essential for safe and effective operation.