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Orchard autumn management points
In the autumn season, there are several important agricultural practices to ensure the health and productivity of fruit trees. These include fertilization, pruning, pest control, and soil cultivation.
First, autumn fertilization is crucial. Base fertilizer should be applied during the first ten days of September when root growth peaks. This helps heal any damage caused by fertilization and provides essential nutrients for the root system. The fertilizer should be placed 40 to 60 cm deep in the soil. Apply 25 to 35 kg of soil-fertilized fertilizer per tree, along with 1 to 2 kg of special fruit tree fertilizer. The exact amount can vary based on the tree's potential and yield.
Foliar fertilizer is also important. Spray a solution of 0.3% to 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate two to three times in late August. In September, spray 0.5% urea twice, with a ten-day interval between applications. At the end of September, apply a 50 ppm concentration of gibberellin mixed with 0.5% urea once to promote fruit development and overall plant health.
Second, autumn pruning plays a key role in maintaining tree structure and improving light penetration. Thinning involves removing branches that block ventilation and sunlight, such as vertical shoots, floor branches, and back branches. Also, cut off any sprouts that have grown during the autumn season. Branch spreading is best done from August to September, opening branches to 70 to 80 degrees to improve air circulation and light exposure.
When pulling branches, ensure that the base of the tree is at least 1 meter high. Balance the branches so that they are evenly distributed, creating a flat, straight, and uniform structure. Avoid having branches that bend, twist, or overlap. Proper branch placement helps prevent disease and promotes better fruit production.
Third, pest control is essential during the autumn months. For leaf spot diseases, use 10% polyoxymycin diluted to 1000 times or 1500 times. To manage fruit rot, apply a 70% carbendazim solution at 700 times, or a 30% compound carbendazim solution at 500 times, or 70% mancozeb at 800 times. Red spider mites can be controlled with 30% chlorpyrifos at 1500 times, or 56% neem oil at 300 times, or 7051 insecticide at 2000 to 3000 times. For borer infestations, use 30% Peach Healer EC at 1000 times or 25% Huifeng EC at 1000 times during the spawning period. Golden moth can be treated with 25% chlorpyrifos at 2000 times, 30% miticide at 1500 times, or 4000 times to kill bell vein.
Fourth, autumn soil cultivation helps improve soil structure and root development. Deep plowing increases the soil layer, promoting both vertical and horizontal root growth, which expands the total root area. It also disrupts the habitat of overwintering pests, helping to reduce their population. For young trees, the depth should be 30 to 35 cm, while for fruit-bearing trees, it should be 35 to 40 cm. Ensure that the soil is turned in a straight line, avoiding turning too close to the tree trunk or creating water holes that could lead to flooding damage.
By following these four key steps—fertilization, pruning, pest control, and soil cultivation—you can significantly improve the health and productivity of your orchard, setting the stage for a successful harvest the following year.