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Solve the intractable diseases in the use of the torch
The torch plays a crucial role in gas cutting by mixing oxygen and acetylene in the correct proportion to create a preheating flame. It then sprays high-pressure pure oxygen onto the workpiece, causing the metal to burn rapidly. The oxygen jet helps remove the molten slag, forming a clean cut. As the primary tool in gas cutting, the torch is essential for achieving precise and efficient cuts.
But how should you use the torch correctly? And what can you do if issues arise during operation? Let’s go through some important tips and solutions:
**(1) Choose the Right Cutting Tip**
Select a cutting tip based on the thickness of the material being cut. When installing the tip, ensure that the inner and outer nozzles are perfectly aligned so that the oxygen jet remains centered within the preheating flame. Tighten the cutting nut securely to avoid misalignment or leaks.
**(2) Fix Air Leaks from the Cutting Tip**
If the preheating flame makes a rhythmic "pit-pit" sound but doesn't extinguish, it's usually a sign of a properly functioning torch. However, if the flame goes out immediately when cutting oxygen is opened, there may be an air leak in the cutting core. Remove the jacket and gently tighten the core. If this doesn’t help, try using asbestos rope to seal the gap.
**(3) Check the Gas Flow**
After inspecting the injection-type torch, connect the acetylene hose. Ensure the connection is tight and easy to manage. For isobaric torches, maintain a steady acetylene pressure to ensure smooth operation.
**(4) Handle Backfire**
If backfire occurs, immediately close the cutting oxygen regulator, then shut off the acetylene and preheating oxygen valves. When stopping the torch, always close the oxygen valve first, followed by the acetylene and preheating oxygen regulators.
**(5) Address Flame Extinction**
If the flame goes out right after ignition, it might be due to blockages in the gas passages or poor contact between the suction pipe nozzle and the cutting tip. Tighten the suction pipe nut first. If that doesn’t work, remove the suction pipe, clean the gas channels, and adjust the fit between the cutting tip and its housing.
**(6) Fix Poor Fit Between Torch and Nozzle**
Even if the flame looks normal, if it goes out when opening the cutting oxygen valve, the issue may be a loose fit between the torch and the cutting head. Tighten the cutting tip. If that doesn’t help, remove it and gently sand the surface until it fits tightly.
**(7) Keep the Cutting Nozzle Clean**
Ensure the cutting nozzle is always clean and free of debris. Use a needle to clear any dirt from the gas channels regularly.
**(8) Prepare the Workpiece Surface**
Before cutting, remove rust, oil, and moisture from the workpiece surface. If cutting on a concrete floor, raise the workpiece to prevent slag and scale from splashing onto the surface.
Torch types vary depending on how oxygen and acetylene are mixed. There are two main types: injection type and equal pressure type. Injection-type torches are the most commonly used. Based on their functions, they can also be categorized as standard cutting torches, heavy-duty cutting torches, and combination welding-cutting torches.
Proper maintenance and correct usage of the torch not only improve cutting efficiency but also enhance safety during the process. Always follow these guidelines to ensure smooth and effective operations.