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Botanical Extract - Feed Safety Solutions for Pig Breeding
A growing body of data highlights the increasing preference for plant extracts as a natural alternative to antibiotics, due to their safety, efficacy, stability, and ease of control. Their adoption plays a crucial role in enhancing the safety of feed and animal products, safeguarding consumer health, and supporting the sustainable and healthy development of the feed industry.
**Overview of Plant Extracts**
Modern plant-based feed additives are primarily derived from one or more plant sources. Many of these plants have long been used in human food or as ingredients in traditional diets, such as rosemary, thyme, oregano, yucca, garlic, citrus fruits, fenugreek, anise, plant estrogens, and polysaccharides. These extracts offer antibacterial and antimicrobial properties, effectively targeting pathogenic bacteria that cause inflammation, infections, mucus production, and coccidiosis. They also demonstrate strong efficacy against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, thus maintaining gut health in animals, preventing diseases, and improving overall performance.
**Application of Plant Extracts in Pig Farming**
Plant extracts are increasingly being used in pig farming to improve growth, reduce disease incidence, and enhance meat quality. Chinese herbal plant extracts, in particular, have gained attention for their dual nutritional and medicinal benefits. Over 100 medicinal plants are currently used as feed additives, including garlic, pepper, wormwood, pine needles, ginger, cinnamon, Litsea cubeb, Andrographis paniculata, licorice, Atractylodes, Ophiopogon japonicus, and Agrimony. These extracts are not only cost-effective and safe but also free from toxic side effects and drug resistance issues.
Studies show that garlic, valerian/oregano, and mustard extracts possess strong antibacterial properties. Natural oregano essential oil (OEO), for example, exhibits excellent antioxidant and immune-modulating effects, along with strong antibacterial activity, making it effective in controlling diarrhea in piglets and improving feed conversion rates. Research by Tian Yunbo demonstrated that adding herbs like Astragalus, Paeonia, Acacia, Poria, Rhubarb, and Bupleurum to pig diets significantly improved growth performance, while also aligning serum biochemical indicators with enhanced growth hormone levels. Slaughter trials further revealed that natural plant extracts increased lean meat yield, reduced fat content, and improved meat tenderness, juiciness, and flavor.
**Plant Estrogen**
Daidzein, a compound with weak estrogen-like activity, has shown promising results in improving weight gain and feed efficiency in male animals. It increases levels of testosterone, D-endorphin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, triiodothyronine, thyroxine, and insulin, while reducing blood urea nitrogen and cholesterol. This promotes muscle protein deposition and accelerates muscle growth. Daidzein binds to various E2 receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary, influencing the neuroendocrine system and promoting mammary gland development in lactating animals. Its ability to affect metabolic processes and milk composition makes it a valuable tool in livestock management.