Maize post-disaster management technical measures

In the summer, natural disasters frequently occur in certain regions, leading to damage in corn fields and affecting both yield and quality. To minimize post-disaster losses, it is crucial to implement effective field management strategies. The following are key measures to consider: First, promptly remove broken leaves to reduce nutrient loss in the corn plants. This can be done by cutting off damaged leaves with a sickle or clearing any remaining silt and debris on the leaves. After a windstorm, the plants should be properly supported and manually pushed upright. Second, ensure proper drainage by clearing ditches, furrows, and side trenches. Flooding can lead to root rot and disease, especially during pollination. Removing excess water from the field helps promote normal growth and development of the corn. Third, perform timely soil cultivation and seedling reinforcement. If windstorms cause lodging or leaf loss, clear the field of debris and prepare the seedlings for transplanting or additional soil coverage. In severely affected areas, consider replanting late-season crops such as buckwheat, mung beans, or cowpeas. For partially damaged fields, check the seedlings and make necessary replacements rather than immediately replanting. For fields that have already been harvested due to disaster, take prompt action based on drainage conditions and consider replanting suitable crops like corn, mung beans, pasture, or vegetables that have market demand and short growth cycles. Fourth, carry out regular weeding and soil loosening. Disasters often lead to weed overgrowth or soil compaction. When the ground becomes dry after the event, cultivate the soil and remove weeds to prevent further issues. Fifth, increase fertilizer application to meet the nutritional needs of the corn. Due to flood damage, soil nutrients may be lost, and plants may become weak. After the disaster, apply 5-10 kg of urea per mu (approximately 667 square meters), and observe the growth during the large trumpet stage. Apply an additional 15-20 kg of urea per mu as topdressing. Additionally, spray 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to support plant growth. A solution of 0.2% zinc sulfate can also be sprayed every 5-7 days to provide essential micronutrients. Sixth, focus on pest and disease control to reduce production losses. Water accumulation, plant damage, and high humidity can lead to diseases like stem rot, leaf spot, and corn borer. Spraying fungicides such as anilazine, zineb, or carbendazim every 10 days for 2-3 times can help manage these issues. To control corn borers, apply 1000-1200 times diluted 40% sulfur emulsifiable concentrate in the upper middle part of the plant during the big bell mouth period to kill larvae. Seventh, perform manual pollination to improve yield. Before pollen dispersal, grasp the tassels and gently pull them up, avoiding damage to the leaves. The number of male plants should not exceed 50% of the total in the field, and in sparse plots, it should not go beyond 35%. During flowering, take advantage of favorable weather to assist in artificial pollination and encourage better fertilization. By implementing these comprehensive post-disaster management practices, farmers can significantly reduce crop losses and restore productivity in their corn fields.

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