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Pre-adjustment and fine-tuning of thermal power development guidelines in 2013 to promote the development of electricity
Over the past decade, the electric power industry has experienced four major development trends. First, the 2002 power sector reform spurred the growth of thermal power. Second, the 2008 financial crisis, coal and electricity conflicts, and the rise of renewable energy led to significant progress in clean energy and forced power companies to enter the coal industry. Third, the nuclear accident in Japan in 2010 accelerated the development of hydropower and natural gas generation. Fourth, the drop in coal prices in 2012 and the haze problem in China prompted a re-evaluation of the industry's direction. Looking ahead, it is expected that clean energy will see renewed acceleration, coal-electricity integration will deepen, and the optimal development of thermal power will be further promoted.
In 2013, power companies began to adjust their thermal power development strategies. Since 2008, the thermal power sector had suffered losses due to the financial crisis and soaring coal prices. The five major power generation groups adjusted their power supply structures, invested heavily in clean energy, and implemented measures to control thermal power investment, leading to a steady decline in thermal power investments. In 2012, power investment fell by 4%, with thermal power investment dropping by 10% and accounting for only 28.9% of total power investment. Coal-fired power capacity dropped by 12 million kilowatts compared to 2011.
With the sharp drop in coal prices in 2012, the thermal power sector saw a recovery, and power companies regained confidence in its development. At the 2013 work conference, all five major power generation groups revised their thermal power development guidelines, emphasizing optimization as the main theme for future growth.
Huaneng focused on optimizing coal-fired power and deepening coal-electricity cooperation. Datang emphasized structural adjustments and strengthening core operations. Huadian aimed to accelerate the closure of small thermal units and promote large-scale, high-efficiency projects. Guodian stressed the strategic importance of thermal power and prioritized operational efficiency. CPI highlighted thermal power as the core of its development strategy.
The need for pre-adjustment and fine-tuning of thermal power policies is clear. While the environment for thermal power has seen both positive and negative changes, the overall trend remains stable. Factors like environmental protection, market demand, fuel costs, electricity pricing, and policy approvals now play a more significant role than before. Opportunities include a balanced coal market, stable government pricing, favorable fiscal policies, and improved technology. However, challenges such as stricter environmental regulations, economic slowdowns, and increased competition from renewables remain.
Despite the rapid growth of clean energy, thermal power still holds a dominant position due to its stability and cost-effectiveness. Although renewables are growing fast, they face issues like intermittency, high costs, and grid integration challenges. Thermal power continues to be a crucial part of China’s energy mix, with its share remaining relatively high even as renewables expand.
Profitability in the power sector has gradually shifted back to thermal power. In 2012, despite losses in some areas, thermal power contributed significantly to overall profits. The industry is now seeing a return to profitability, especially in the first quarter of 2013.
Understanding and implementing the principle of optimizing thermal power development is essential for sustainable growth. Optimization should align with national policies, industry trends, and corporate strategies, ensuring moderate growth and long-term viability. It involves not just expansion but also efficient management, technological innovation, and environmental responsibility.
Looking forward, the development of new thermal power projects must meet five key requirements: clean and environmentally friendly technologies, large-scale and high-efficiency units, intelligent management systems, scientific site selection, and strong economic performance. Existing thermal assets must also be upgraded to meet modern standards, reducing emissions and improving efficiency.
As the power industry evolves, the role of thermal power remains vital, even as the push for clean energy accelerates. Balancing these two forces will be critical for achieving a sustainable and resilient energy future.