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Pre-adjustment and fine-tuning of thermal power development guidelines in 2013 to promote the development of electricity
Over the past decade, the electric power industry has witnessed four significant development trends. First, the 2002 power sector reform stimulated the growth of thermal power. Second, the 2008 financial crisis and the subsequent coal-electricity conflict, alongside the rise of renewable energy, brought about a surge in clean energy development, pushing power companies to enter the coal sector. Third, the nuclear accident in Japan in 2010 accelerated the shift toward hydropower and natural gas generation. Lastly, the coal price fluctuations in 2012 and the smog issues in China raised concerns about future changes. It is expected that the acceleration of clean energy development, along with the further integration of coal and power, will continue to shape the thermal power sector.
In 2013, major power companies began to re-evaluate their thermal power development strategies. Since 2008, the thermal power sector had been struggling due to economic downturns and rising coal prices. The five major power generation groups adjusted their power supply structures, focused on clean energy projects, and implemented cold treatment measures for thermal power to ensure rational development. As a result, thermal power investment declined year after year. In 2012, power investment fell by 4%, with thermal power investment dropping by 10% and accounting for just 28.9% of total power investment. Coal-fired power capacity also decreased by 12 million kilowatts compared to 2011.
With the sharp drop in coal prices in 2012 and a recovery in the thermal power sector, the power generation industry regained confidence in thermal power development. At the beginning of 2013, all five major power generation groups revised their thermal power guidelines, emphasizing optimization as the main focus for the new era.
- **Huaneng**: Focused on optimizing coal-fired power and deepening coal-power integration.
- **Datang**: Highlighted structural adjustments in core power generation operations.
- **Huadian**: Optimized power generation and accelerated the closure of small units to make room for large-scale, high-efficiency projects.
- **Guodian**: Emphasized the strategic importance of thermal power, focusing on operational improvements and profitability.
- **CPI**: Considered thermal power as the core of its development strategy, accelerating power project construction.
The need to pre-adjust and fine-tune thermal power policies arose due to changing market conditions. While there are both positive and negative factors influencing thermal power, the overall trend remains stable. Environmental protection and market demand have now become the key factors, surpassing fuel costs and regulatory approvals from previous years.
Opportunities include the stability of the coal market, relatively low coal prices, and government pricing of electricity, which help maintain profitability. Proactive fiscal and monetary policies provide more financial support, reducing capital costs. Power system reforms are expected to create a fairer and more open market environment. Meanwhile, advancements in technology and management have reduced many traditional barriers.
However, challenges persist. Increasing environmental regulations, stricter emission controls, and public pressure for cleaner air raise costs for thermal power plants. Economic slowdowns may affect power demand, while the rapid expansion of hydropower, nuclear, and wind energy could reduce thermal power utilization hours, especially in regions with abundant hydro resources. Rising coal, gas, and freight prices may also impact thermal power operations.
Although clean energy development is accelerating, it still faces constraints. Renewable sources like wind and solar are intermittent and require high investment, increasing system costs and electricity prices. Thermal power, despite its environmental drawbacks, offers stability and cost-effectiveness. While subsidies remain crucial for renewables, the role of thermal power in the energy mix remains strong.
China’s thermal power sector continues to hold a dominant position. By 2012, thermal power accounted for 71.55% of installed capacity and 78.57% of total generation. Despite the rise of renewables, thermal power remains essential for grid stability. In 2012, the power industry consumed over half of the country’s coal, underscoring the long-term significance of thermal power.
Profitability in the power sector is gradually returning to thermal power. In 2012, the top five power companies saw thermal power profits rebound, driven by falling coal prices and higher electricity tariffs. This trend continued into early 2013, with thermal power becoming a key profit driver.
To implement the optimization of thermal power development, it is essential to understand that optimization means balanced growth, not blind expansion or artificial cuts. It should align with national policy, industry trends, and corporate strategies. The process involves site selection, construction, operation, and lifecycle management, promoting sustainable development.
Looking ahead, new thermal power projects must meet five key requirements: **clean and environmentally friendly**, **large and efficient**, **highly intelligent**, **scientific site selection**, and **strong technical and economic performance**. These standards ensure that thermal power remains competitive and sustainable in a rapidly evolving energy landscape.
In addition, existing smaller units must be upgraded with energy-saving and pollution control technologies to meet environmental standards. Old, inefficient units should be phased out to improve overall efficiency and reduce losses. This will enhance the quality and competitiveness of the thermal power sector, ensuring a more balanced and coordinated development of the entire power industry.